> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://documentation.hak5.org/wifi-pineapple-pager/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://documentation.hak5.org/wifi-pineapple-pager/gps.md). # GPS You can add a USB GPS receiver to the WiFi Pineapple Pager; this lets the Pager know where it is. With a GPS, the Pager is able to collect access point locations and log them to a [Wigle](https://wigle.net/) compatible file for uploading! {% hint style="warning" %} **Expectations about GPS**\ \ A very important thing to remember about a USB GPS receiver is that *it is highly unlikely to perform like a smartphone*. The location data provided by a smartphone is almost always a fusion of muliple location services - GPS, cellular, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth positioning all feeds into the location system, and actual GPS is rarely the primary source.\ \ Pure GPS requires *a clear view of the sky*, and many GPS devices may require *fifteen to thirty minutes* to get a positional lock, however once locked, most units will get future locks quickly.\ \ Often true GPS will not work indoors, and may not even work near a window with a partial view of the sky. This is, unfortunately, normal. The signals from the GPS satellites are extremely weak, and the system was designed with a clear sky view as a requirement.\ \ Different GPS hardware may have wildly different performance in terms of lock speed and ability to lock with partial view of the sky.\ \ Always check the manual for your GPS hardware for settings and suggested antenna orientation! {% endhint %} ### GPS devices The WiFi Pineapple Pager supports nearly all USB serial GPS devices - in fact we have not yet found one readily available which is not supported - however not all devices are designed equally. Much like Wi-Fi devices, what matters with a GPS is the radio inside, not the name on the plastic. Also much like Wi-Fi, different GPS receivers have different sensitivity and supported satellites. The term GPS is technically misused - a more accurate term would by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). There are multiple global positioning constellations operated by different nations. The satellites operated by the United States use the brand GPS, however other networks such as GLONASS, Galelio, and BeiDou are operated by Russia, the European Union, and China, respectively. Some GPS receivers are able to combine signals from multiple operators - these tend to be able to obtain a position faster and more reliably than receivers which are only able to use one set of satellites. Receivers we have found to be useful in testing include: * U-Blox M8030-KT. This receiver can be found in many readily available USB devices. * Quectel. This receiver can also be found in many USB devices. These are by no means the only receivers available, nor the only ones which will work, however these receiver chipsets can be commonly found, and support multiple GNSS satellite types. In general when purchasing a USB serial receiver, check for: 1. Advertised Linux support. While almost any *should* work, advertised support increases the odds. 2. A listed receiver chip type. There are many, many clones on the market, and often when no receiver type is listed, it is the most basic version. Listing a receiver type helps identify the higher-end devices. 3. Multiple constellation support. Whenever possible, select a device with GPS, GLONASS, Galelio, and BaiDou support. {% hint style="info" %} **High-End GPS hardware**\ \ Some GPS receiver hardware is advertied as very high end, high speed, and high precision. This can be true, and as long as it outputs a compatible format (most do) it will work, however that degree of precision and update speed is not necessary for Wi-Fi mapping, and may introduce configuration complexities and additional cost for little or no benefit. {% endhint %} ### Configuring GPS GPS is configured via the UI under `Settings` > `GPS`:
GPS settings

GPS settings

You can also set the GPS using the command-line DuckyScript commands `GPS_LIST` and `GPS_CONFIGURE`. **Serial port** Supported GPS devices connect as a USB serial device. Typically these will be named `ttyUSBx` or `ttyACMx` depending on the serial converter chip the manufacturer used; unfortunately, these serial port numbers can change if the order that USB devices are plugged in changes. To address this, the Pineapple Pager uses the *USB device path* to identify a serial device. This path is based on the physical hardware of the pager and USB hubs. A GPS device connected to the USB-A port will typically appear as `1.1_1-1.1:1.0`, indicating the USB bus and port. A GPS plugged into a hub plugged into the USB-A port may appear as a different path. As nearly all users will have a single GPS unit, in almost all situations, only a single serial device will appear in the list! info {% hint style="info" %} Want to find out what the original serial port device is? Just log in over SSH or the Virtual Pager terminal!
```bash root@pager:/mmc/root# ls -l /dev/serial/by-path/1.1_1-1.1:1.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Jan 23 14:05 /dev/serial/by-path ``` \ You might notice other devices in this directory as well - those are internal, unused devices on the Pager; we hide them in the UI automatically because they can never be a GPS! {% endhint %} **Baud rate** Serial GPS units must have the proper speed setting for the serial port. Typically this is one of: * 4800 * 9600 * 115200 When in doubt, check the manual for your GPS receiver for the correct speed. Other speeds are possible, however rarely used. After changing the GPS serial port or baud rate, choose `Restart GPSd`. ### Testing GPS Once the GPS has a lock, the GPS icon in the status bar will highlight, and the position data in `Settings` > `GPS` will reflect the current position. {% hint style="warning" %} *Remember* - getting a GPS lock may take fifteen to thirty minutes, or sometimes more, depending on your view of the sky and your GPS receiver hardware! Unfortunately this is a limitation of the GPS/GNSS network, not the WiFi Pineapple Pager! {% endhint %} Real-time information about the GPS unit including number of satellites and lock status can be viewed with the command-line tool `cgps`, either via `ssh` or in the terminal of the Virtual Pager. ### Wigle and Wardriving **Wardriving** (derived from *wardialing*, a once-popular method of finding exposed resources by calling every phone number in an area code and mapping where modems were found) is the hobby of collecting information about Wi-Fi networks. [Wigle](https://wigle.net/) is a world-wide central, public database of Wi-Fi position information collected by members, using tools like the [official Wigle Android app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.wigle.wigleandroid), [Kismet](https://www.kismetwireless.net/), or now, the WiFi Pineapple Pager. With Wigle enabled via `Recon` > `Settings`, the Pager generates a Wigle-compatible log in `/root/loot/wigle/`. This can be downloaded via `scp` or `sftp`, or via the Virtual Pager `Download Loot` and uploaded to [Wigle](https://wigle.net/).
Wigle capture

Wigle capture

You can also use the command-line DuckyScript commands `WIGLE_START` and `WIGLE_STOP` to enable Wigle logging, and the commands `WIGLE_LOGIN` and `WIGLE_UPLOAD` to automatically log in to your Wigle account and upload logs. {% hint style="info" %} Please remember: Hak5 is not officially affiliated with Wigle. Accounts you create and information you share with Wigle are subject to the [Wigle End User Agreement](https://wigle.net/eula.html). The WiFi Pineapple Pager will never automatically interact with Wigle - even when creating a Wigle log file - unless you log into a Wigle account and choose to upload using the DuckyScript commands or a payload. {% endhint %} --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://documentation.hak5.org/wifi-pineapple-pager/gps.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.